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[CHAPTER 31]
[Page 1]
NEGRO EDUCATION, 1900-1940
The self-sufficiency of the educational system that the free people of color had fostered proved its salvation during the Civil War. Private tutors, schools under Catholic supervision, and several schools under the direction of Negroes continued to function, although either directly or indirectly, most of them came under military influence. A few of these educational institutions served as centers around which Federal authorities began educational efforts on behalf of the freedman. For a time military rule and Negro education were closely connected. Out of this connection two things emerged; the encouragement and sustenance of private schools already in existence; the organization and operation of new schools under government control; and the instruction of Negro soldiers. Before the Civil War was ended several noteworthy advances had been made in Negro education, and larger plans were made for its acceleration.
The Federal authorities encouraged the formation of “Republican schools” for both whites and Negroes in New Orleans and in either occupied portions of the State. During the administration of General Butler “free public schools were opened under the auspices of the free colored people, and no distinction was made in regard to the former status of the pupils.1” Mrs. Ludger Boguille, at first superintendent of the Douglass school for Negroes, later cooperated with her husband in the operation of another “Republican school,”2 while the Trevignes continued to operate their private school in
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